Antarctica is Earth’s frozen continent. Covering 5.5 million square miles (14.2 million square kilometers), it’s bigger than Europe and Australia. It holds about 60% of Earth’s total fresh water, with ice up to 3 miles (5 kilometers) thick in places.
But this wasn’t always the case. During the Cretaceous period (145 million to 66 million years ago), when dinosaurs roamed Earth, Antarctica was ice-free and was covered in a subtropical rainforest, serving as a land bridge for these extinct giants to cross continents.
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